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A Closer Look at H2FLY’s Next-Gen Fuel Cell System, H175

“Our H175 is the first fuel cell system that is purpose-built for aviation and will be a seminal cornerstone to bringing this technology to the required readiness level for the market.” – Josef Kallo, CEO and co-founder of H2FLY (Photo: H2FLY)

H2FLY, a developer of aircraft hydrogen-electric powertrain systems, recently unveiled the latest iteration of its exclusive fuel cell technology, the H175. This modular power unit is specifically designed for application in commercial aircraft, boasting exceptional performance capabilities.

The H175 program will deliver a range of fuel cell systems that can be expanded to power hydrogen-electric aircraft in the megawatt-class category. The technology is suitable for aircraft with up to 80 seats. H2FLY manages the comprehensive development, integration, and testing of the hardware and software for the fuel cell systems.

While operating at flight altitudes of up to 27,000 feet, the H175 systems can provide their full power range. This represents a significant milestone on the journey from initial flight demonstrations at lower altitudes to real-world implementation in commercial aircraft.

H2FLY plans to conduct flight demonstrations of the first-generation H175 system later in 2023. The company also intends to integrate H175 fuel cell systems into a Dornier 328 demonstrator aircraft as part of the German government’s 328 H2-FC project. The project, funded by the German Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK), is a collaborative effort aiming to develop and test a megawatt-range hydrogen-electric fuel cell system.

Josef Kallo, CEO and co-founder of H2FLY, shared in a statement to Avionics International that the H175 power modules can be combined in parallel or in series. “This allows us to scale up the total output power and achieve outputs of over a megawatt,” he explained.

Some of the specific advantages of the next-generation H175 system include optimized packaging and a proprietary control system from H2FLY. The control system allows for the use of the fuel cell stacks at high power while maintaining durability. 

“We use the latest generation of components and fuel cell stacks,” Kallo said. “We get maximum power output at aviation operating conditions, which enables us to fly at altitudes of up to 27,000 feet (Flight Level 270) and therefore paves the way to commercialization.”

When asked about the challenges involved in using liquid hydrogen with fuel cells, he pointed to the process of refueling. “The lack of permanent and purpose-built infrastructure at airports means that we have to rely on individual and temporary solutions, which often cost a lot more. We hope for a standardized solution for hydrogen infrastructure at airports,” he remarked.

In addition to the team’s plans to demonstrate the H175 system in flight tests later this year, they are also anticipating a demonstration of a complete liquid hydrogen fuel cell powertrain in flight with the HY4 aircraft in the summer.

“We solved the challenge of conditioning liquid hydrogen, leading to the very efficient use of hydrogen in the fuel cell,” added Kallo. “We look forward to demonstrating the full functionality of the liquid hydrogen fuel cell powertrain during flight this summer.”

He commented that, from his perspective, truly sustainable air travel requires fuel cell powertrains. “Using fuel cell systems in aircraft only emits water vapor,” he explained. “Other solutions to decarbonize aviation, e.g., sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), still emit greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the production of SAF [is] highly inefficient as a result of energy usage during the production process.”

The post A Closer Look at H2FLY’s Next-Gen Fuel Cell System, H175 appeared first on Avionics International.

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OPINION: MRO Software to Support Large Airlines

Large airlines turn to technology to keep planes in the air and passengers on the move; the sky’s the limit for MRO software, according to Rob Mather, Vice President of Aerospace and Defense Industries at IFS.

It’s estimated that over 90,000 flights, from 1,200 airlines, fly between more than 4,000 airports around the world every day. The logistical management of this airborne metropolis coupled with essential maintenance issues, presents a myriad of complexities—especially for large airlines that operate a wide range of aircraft across a huge number of domestic and international routes. It’s the MRO software that will come into its own to support larger airline operators. In this article, Rob Mather, Vice President, Aerospace and Defense Industries, IFS, describes how maintenance software is key to addressing industry challenges for large airlines in order to futureproof airline growth and keep operations running smoothly in the current marketplace—and into the future.

Of course, flying 100 million passengers every year across 50 countries and 500 routes via a fleet of 300+ aircraft is no easy feat for a single airline. Not only a logistical headache, but a task that requires continual maintenance of aircraft for the largest airlines in the world, without impacting or disrupting passenger travel. Passenger numbers are only on the rise—research from IATA indicates the airline industry has made a strong bounce-back as global passenger numbers skyrocketed in 2022, compared to figures from the year before.

MRO providers saw a steep drop in global demand for MRO services in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and commercial MROs were particularly affected.

As more flights return to the skies, complexity also increases, and fleet maintenance will come under major scrutiny to keep aircraft airworthy.

The choice of MRO software is more critical than ever. The larger the number of aircraft, the more strain is placed on MRO IT systems in terms of capability, functionality, and performance—and frequently, these bigger airline operators run more complicated IT landscapes. As recovery ramps up, these large airlines will have to address five key MRO system challenges.

  1. Maintain cybersecurity: The larger the airline, the bigger the threat

It’s no secret that the aviation industry benefits greatly from technology and digitization—with digital adoption only set to increase further in the next few years, growth of the airline industry is expected to soar. But with this growth, comes a complex environment which includes challenges in managing cyber vulnerabilities—the bigger you are, the more of a target you become. In addition to the best practice cybersecurity requirements for IT systems in general, MRO platforms must focus on edge protection to prevent mobile device data breaches, cloud intrusions, and insider attacks. Security must be built in from the ground up, not tacked on as an afterthought.

To identify vulnerabilities and mitigate threats, frequent vulnerability scanning is a necessity and can help business systems and environments adapt where needed. As with any strong security program, these activities never exist in a vacuum—extensive penetration testing of IT systems and networks is required.

But testing alone isn’t enough. Airline operators need seamless agility and resilience to stand a chance in the cybersecurity battle. The MRO software provider must constantly adopt a clear security posture to address the most critical issues upon discovery. While not forgetting to address less severe vulnerabilities with frequent updates—or design out vulnerabilities to begin with.

  1. Deep functionality required to support large airline operations

With small or medium fleets of aircraft, many maintenance system limitations can be overcome with manual processes. But a manual approach simply does not scale when dealing with hundreds of aircraft and thousands of maintenance personnel.

For example, the combination of more detailed modeling of engineering data with a much higher degree of automation in maintenance systems brings huge benefits. This in-depth functionality will allow engineering, planning, and maintenance to work together in the most efficient way possible and improve key areas of the business such as configuration management.

And these efficiencies are even more significant when you consider the vast difference in scale experienced by larger airlines. A process improvement saving technicians time represents a specific value when applied to a few dozen or even a hundred technicians. However, when you expand that small incremental value to thousands of technicians, the sheer scale of the potential value grows commensurately and makes a huge positive impact on airline operations.

Similarly, siloed operations can be managed in a smaller airline where data can be shared externally to the system with relative ease through informal communication. But, as an organization scales, not having fully integrated processes becomes more challenging. To remain competitive, the largest airlines need all their teams working with the same data across all their processes in lockstep.

  1. Efficiently handle more than one operating certificate

It’s not uncommon for larger airlines to have been the result of mergers or to be a part of an airline group, so an MRO IT system capable of managing multiple air operating certificates (AOCs) is imperative. Currently, many MRO IT systems are developed to support maintenance operations on a single AOC. This means setting up a new instance for each operating certificate and/or different maintenance program against the same fleet—but doing so only limits the potential economies of scale where multiple maintenance programs share commonalities or where central teams manage activities across multiple AOCs.

Setting up a separate software instance for each AOC is time-consuming and costly from a hardware and software licensing perspective, and extremely inefficient for the maintenance organization. While each AOC may operate somewhat differently, there can be multiple commonalities shared between AOCs, particularly with maintenance processes such as planning, operations, and material fulfillment.

The top MRO solutions handle multiple maintenance programs and operating certificates in a single instance of the system, thereby surfacing all relevant data to support operations. The aircraft can be switched back and forth between the operators, and when they do, the maintenance program they are maintained under is changed accordingly.

  1. Guaranteed system performance to manage large numbers of aircraft and personnel

When an airline moves to real-time paperless maintenance, MRO IT system availability becomes mission-critical. It becomes about completing operations in the timeliest fashion, without compromising on performance. Aviation maintenance IT systems designed for smaller fleet sizes can fall victim to degradation when employed for larger fleets of 300+ aircraft. If the situation escalates, MRO operations can stagnate, resulting in aircraft on ground (AOG) events, gate congestion, and delayed or canceled flights. In general, most MRO IT systems show signs of significant performance degradation when fleets reach roughly 300 aircraft.

With scalability in mind, industry-leading large fleet MRO solutions are built with little to no performance degradation. It’s critical that any MRO solution be tested at scale to verify it achieves its stated performance benchmarks—in particular, if an MRO system’s tests show the solution exceeds performance benchmarks for the largest airline scope. This can be achieved by ensuring testing pushes the limits of scale, for example with 1,100 tails, 4,000 concurrent users, and five years of real-time historical data access evaluated—it ensures an MRO IT system can handle the extreme workloads of any top airline.

  1. Support flexible operations – APIs hold the key to support business growth

More often than not, small or medium airlines seek an MRO solution that is a single tool, capable of managing everything across the maintenance organization. However, when operating a much more complex operation, larger airlines must do more than the bare minimum, with mixtures of legacy systems, home-grown solutions, and point solutions, the system landscape becomes extremely complex—and well-defined business APIs and open architecture will be key to allow airlines to create new applications, easily connect existing ones, or integrate new technology to gain every possible advantage. With a platform based on modularity, airline organizations can combine exactly the configuration of capabilities needed and connect all the pieces seamlessly. This means that any change or any essential information that enters the system, or a connected system, propagates everywhere it’s needed.

Investment is at the forefront. Larger airlines just need to realize the benefits.

Investment in modern aviation maintenance software is vital for a large carrier to grow and thrive in the current marketplace. The best maintenance solutions will enable airlines to guarantee high system performance, scale MRO to meet passenger demand, capitalize on new embedded technologies to improve automation and optimization, and maintain security standards. Not only will MRO IT systems save airlines time and reduce costs, but they will maximize aircraft uptime and lead to improved passenger satisfaction across the board.

The post OPINION: MRO Software to Support Large Airlines appeared first on Avionics International.

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Eve Paves the Way for Sustainable UAM

Eve Air Mobility is committed to innovation, environmental sustainability, and progress in the UAM industry, as seen by its recent strategic partnerships and agreements with Voar Aviation, Widerøe Zero, NAC, and Blade Air Mobility. (Photos: Eve)

Eve Air Mobility, a leading company in the field of urban air mobility—or UAM—has been making significant strides in advancing the UAM ecosystem. With an advanced electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) project, a comprehensive global services network, and a unique air traffic management solution, Eve is revolutionizing air travel. Recent announcements have showcased the company’s commitment to sustainable aviation, strategic partnerships, and the expansion of its eVTOL fleet. Let’s delve into the key highlights from Eve’s latest updates.

Eve Air Mobility and Voar Aviation, a general aviation service company, recently signed a Letter of Intent (LOI) to explore the purchase of 70 eVTOL aircraft for deployment in multiple locations across Brazil. This potential partnership aims to leverage Eve’s UAM service and operation solutions, with Voar providing its extensive aviation infrastructure and knowledge. The collaboration emphasizes both companies’ dedication to providing innovative and accessible transportation solutions throughout Brazil, including major metropolitan areas and popular tourist destinations.

Last week, Eve extended its partnership with Widerøe Zero, an initiative focused on sustainable aviation, to address the environmental impact of air travel. The agreement involves the purchase of up to 50 eVTOLs, along with comprehensive services and the implementation of Eve’s Urban Air Traffic Management (Urban ATM) software solution. This collaboration seeks to optimize the efficiency and safety of Widerøe Zero’s UAM flight operations, promoting a greener future for air travel. Additionally, the partnership includes collaboration on the Air Mobility Labs project in Norway, enabling the development of tailored air mobility concepts and solutions.

Andre Stein, co-CEO of Eve, commented, “This new partnership builds upon a previous MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) signed between Eve and Widerøe Zero in 2021 at the UN Climate Conference (COP26), which aimed to develop eVTOL operations in Scandinavia.”

Andreas Aks, CEO at Widerøe Zero AS, also remarked that their team looks forward to a closer collaboration with Eve to optimize the customer journey, define the future Concept of Operations (ConOps), and launch services in 2027.

Eve signed an LOI with Nordic Aviation Capital (NAC), a global leader in regional aircraft leasing, to promote eVTOL aircraft through optimized leasing strategies. This collaboration allows Eve to leverage NAC’s global presence and asset management expertise, while NAC acquires 15 firm plus 15 optional eVTOLs for leasing to fleet operators. The partnership supports the development and scaling of innovative transportation operations, diversifies portfolios, and contributes to environmental conservation through the adoption of electric aircraft and sustainable aviation technologies.

Eve and Blade Air Mobility extended their partnership through an MoU to transform air transportation in Europe, starting with France. Blade’s integration of Eve’s eVTOLs into its European route network strengthens the foundation for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) operations. Blade’s focus on identifying future routes in France and other European countries underscores their commitment to modernizing the industry and building sustainable infrastructure for electric aviation.

“Our shared vision for a safer, quieter and more sustainable future in air travel is the driving force behind this collaboration,” remarked Blade’s CEO, Rob Wiesenthal. “The introduction of Eve’s aircraft into our European network will mark a significant step towards realizing this goal.” 

Eve Air Mobility’s recent announcements highlight the company’s dedication to advancing urban air mobility and creating a sustainable future for air travel. Strategic partnerships with Voar Aviation, Widerøe Zero, NAC, and Blade Air Mobility demonstrate Eve’s commitment to innovation, environmental sustainability, and progress in the UAM industry. As Eve continues to expand its fleet and partnerships, the vision of accessible, eco-friendly urban air travel moves closer to reality.

The post Eve Paves the Way for Sustainable UAM appeared first on Avionics International.

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Volocopter and Safran to Collaborate on Next-Gen Electric Powertrain

Catch up on the latest updates from Volocopter, including an agreement with Safran Electrical & Power, a recent series of flight tests conducted in Saudi Arabia, and plans for vertiport construction in Paris. (Photos: Volocopter)

Volocopter signed an agreement with Safran Electrical & Power last week that includes plans for developing a next-generation electric powertrain. The powertrain will be designed specifically for electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft like those under development by Volocopter.

“The agreement covers the exploration of commercial and engineering partnerships, specifically around the entire electric powertrain ranging from the electrical propulsion system (EPS), battery units, and power distribution system to wider engineering services,” according to the announcement.

Pictured above: Olivier Andriès, CEO of Safran (right), and Dirk Hoke, CEO of Volocopter (left)

Dirk Hoke, Volocopter’s CEO, commented on the potential collaboration with Safran. “Optimizing battery density and improving EPS effectiveness is the biggest performance lever for lightweight aircraft like eVTOLs,” Hoke stated.

Last week, Volocopter also announced that it had performed the first-ever eVTOL flight test campaign in Saudi Arabia through collaboration with NEOM and the General Authority of Civil Aviation (GACA). The flight tests served to evaluate Volocopter’s aircraft in terms of its flight performance in the local climate and in different environmental conditions. 

Volocopter’s eVTOL aircraft performs a test flight at the NEOM experience center.

The enterprise NEOM is developing what it calls a “smart city” in Saudi Arabia. NEOM and Volocopter founded a joint venture company in late 2021 to design and operate a public vertical mobility system for public transit in the future NEOM city. The plan is to incorporate eVTOL aircraft to connect the core urban development, “THE LINE.” NEOM placed an order for 10 VoloCity eVTOL aircraft and 5 of Volocopter’s cargo drones—VoloDrones.

In yet another announcement from Volocopter last week, the company confirmed along with Groupe ADP that eVTOL services will be available to the public by the 2024 Paris Olympics.

Groupe ADP has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with AutoFlight to conduct piloted eVTOL flights during the 2024 Olympics. Groupe ADP is also a partner of Ascendance Flight Technologies, which is developing a hybrid propulsion VTOL aircraft.

Volocopter and Groupe ADP plan to start construction of five vertiports in the Paris region this summer to enable commercial launch by the summer of 2024. eVTOL operations will begin with two tourist round trip flights from Paris Heliport and Paris Le Bourget, in addition to three connection routes: between Paris-Charles de Gaulle airport and Paris-Le Bourget airport; from the vertiport of Austerlitz barge to the Paris Heliport; and between the Paris Heliport and the Airfield of Saint-Cyr-l’École (Versailles). Opportunities to book a flight with Volocopter for next summer will be unveiled by the end of 2023, the company says.

Damien Cazé, Director General of Civil Aviation (left); Dirk Hoke, CEO of Volocopter; Valérie Précresse, Présidente de la Region Ilê-de-France; and Edward Awkwright, Groupe ADP Deputy CEO (right), are pictured in front of the VoloCity aircraft at the Paris Air Show 2023.

The post Volocopter and Safran to Collaborate on Next-Gen Electric Powertrain appeared first on Avionics International.

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House Appropriators Propose Funding Reinstatement of $150M for AETP

The House Appropriations Committee’s version of the fiscal 2024 defense funding bill turns back the U.S. Air Force’s proposal to cancel the Advanced Engine Transition Program. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Olivia Gibson)

The House Appropriations Committee’s version of the fiscal 2024 defense funding bill turns back the U.S. Air Force’s proposal to cancel the Advanced Engine Transition Program (AETP) and provides $150 million for AETP, while also funding the Raytheon Technologies‘ [RTX] Pratt & Whitney F135 Engine Core Upgrade (ECU) for the Lockheed Martin [LMT] F-35 fighter at nearly $255 million.

The committee recommends moving forward on F135 ECU to accommodate the Block 4 weapons and sensor upgrades for the F-35 while also retaining AETP as an option for future F-35 blocks should the F135 ECU not meet military forces’ needs.

“The committee recognizes that the independent cost assessment completed by the Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation found that fielding adaptive cycle engine technology on only the F–35A would drive unsustainable costs in future years for the Air Force,” according to the report on the bill. “The committee concurs with this finding and understands the Air Force has fully budgeted for ECU activities in fiscal year 2024 and the future years defense program. The committee fully funds the request for F135 ECU to improve the F–35 engine program.”

“Further, the committee finds the business case analysis completed by the [F-35] Joint Program Office and other analyses provided to the committee to be incomplete in assessing whether the F135 engine will meet the expected thrust and thermal management capacity requirements,” the report said. “While the committee assesses that the F135 engine may meet future needs with the planned upgrades, it also finds that continued investment in engine testing for fighter aircraft is justified.”

The F-35 program has said that it considered the F135 ECU and the General Electric [GE] XA100 AETP engine and the Pratt & Whitney XA101 adaptive cycle engine offerings in a business case analysis that informed the Air Force’s decision to cancel AETP and move forward with the F135 ECU.

The committee said that it recommends $150 million for AETP in fiscal 2024 in order to “mitigate risk for both adaptive cycle and future engine development programs.”

In addition to the $150 million to reinstate AETP, the committee provides the Air Force-requested $595 million for the Next Generation Adaptive Propulsion program for the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD) fighter.

NGAD received the Air Force-requested $2.3 billion for fiscal 2024 in the House Appropriations Committee’s markup.

“The testing objectives for AETP shall align with funding provided in prior fiscal years and shall dually inform the enabling design for Next Generation Air Dominance capabilities,” the committee report said. “The committee emphasizes that this increase is not intended to incentivize the Air Force, or any other service, to create an alternative engine program for the F–35. Therefore, the act includes a general provision that prohibits the use of funds to integrate an alternative engine on any F–35 aircraft.”

The committee recommends $5.1 billion in procurement for 51 F-35As in fiscal 2024—$255 million and three aircraft above the Air Force request.

The Air Force fiscal 2024 budget includes $794 million for sensor upgrades to the Lockheed Martin F-22A fighter, but House appropriators cut that request to about $360 million—a reduction of nearly $435 million.

This article was originally published by Defense Daily, a sister publication of Avionics International. It has been edited. Read the original version here >>

The post House Appropriators Propose Funding Reinstatement of $150M for AETP appeared first on Avionics International.

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Airbus Selects ScioTeq Advanced Avionics Displays for A330 MRTT

Airbus has chosen ScioTeq to provide advanced avionics displays for the latest generation of Airbus A330 Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) aircraft. Pictured above are the PU-5200 avionics display computer and RDU-3068 display. (Photo: ScioTeq)

Advanced avionics displays from ScioTeq, one of the aviation industry’s leading suppliers of mission-critical avionics, have been chosen by Airbus Defense and Space to be installed on the latest generation Airbus A330 Multi-Role Tanker Transport (MRTT) aircraft. This selection will bring improved and modernized technology to the flight deck of the A330 MRTT and will assist flight crews in some of the aircraft’s more complex missions.

The addition of these new displays will equip the A330 MRTT with several pieces of new technology. The cutting-edge PU-5200 Display computer, RDU-3068 Display, and MOSArt Open Platform Software will all be integrated into the aircraft’s flight deck, replacing ScioTeq’s older generation of aircraft displays and computers.

Based on the wildly successful Airbus A330-200 airframe, the A330 MRTT is used by the military branches of governments across the world. It is known for being able to complete several missions at once—deployment, transport, and air-to-air refueling—the latter of which is the most challenging and complex of the aircraft’s missions but something that the new PU-5200 and RDU-3068 will better support.

These next-generation display computers are modernized and installed with the latest technology, enhancing the experience for operators. They utilize the latest generation of ARM-core processors, providing operators with powerful computing and rendering capabilities during challenging missions. These computers are also designed to meet the requirements of today’s military operations, including things like high reliability, resistance to shock and vibrations, and minimal power consumption. Furthermore, the system’s video displays support mission-critical tasks by providing accurate and clear visual information, and are even compatible with 3D glasses that are used by refueling boom operators. The A330 MRTT will also utilize ScioTeq’s DAL-A certified MOSArt platform software, which is designed to help ease the porting of applications by Avionics System Integrators for operators.

Airbus’ selection of ScioTeq’s technology will allow it better serve A330 MRTT customers. As Gonzalo Monte, Head of Mission Systems, Training and Simulation Procurement for Airbus Defense and Space, explained, “We are delighted to partner with ScioTeq for this project. Their commitment to excellence and track record of delivering high-quality products aligns perfectly with our vision and goals. This collaboration represents a significant step towards enhancing our mission suites and delivering exceptional value to our customers.”

Both Airbus and ScioTeq believe that this new collaboration will help modernize the Airbus A330 MRTT and enhance the operating experience for both customers and their flight crews alike. The completion of mission-critical tasks will now be better supported by ScioTeq’s updated technology in the flight deck.

The post Airbus Selects ScioTeq Advanced Avionics Displays for A330 MRTT appeared first on Avionics International.

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OPINION: Exploring the Feasibility of Single-Pilot Flight Decks

This article explores the feasibility of single-pilot flight decks and whether avionics are the solution. It is contributed by Vance Hilderman, aviation expert, author, and CEO of AFuzion. (Photo: Joshua Roberts/Bloomberg)

Airlines may be taking to the skies, but their profit margins haven’t. Many have failed to recoup their pandemic losses, while simultaneously struggling to cope with higher fuel prices. So predictably, airlines are now exploring another round of cost-cutting measures. They’ve slashed away perks, reduced seat size, and taken away meals. But their latest focus? Reducing the number of pilots.

How did we get to this point? In the beginning days of commercial aviation, flights were manned by five crew members in the cockpit. However, for quite a while now the norm has been two: the captain and the first officer, more commonly referred to as the co-pilot. Airlines are now rapidly looking to eliminate the latter in a push for single-pilot operations (SPO).  In fact, leading aircraft manufacturers including Airbus are actively pursuing artificial intelligence-based options to promote single-pilot and even “no-pilot” (e.g. an incapacitated single pilot); this means the onboard avionics systems take over all operations including communicating to air traffic control through a safe autonomous landing.

Airlines argue that, with the assistance of advanced AI technologies, one pilot is completely adequate; pilot unions, meanwhile, have vehemently disagreed. Either way, the argument for single-pilot flight decks hinges entirely on avionics: the technology on an aircraft that can be automated and take on the job of a co-pilot.

However, regulators are hesitant to approve the SPO concept, and, just recently, European policymakers ruled out the possibility of single-pilot flights in the near future. But as we know, Europe tends to be a much tighter regulatory environment in general. There is still the possibility that SPO might take off in the U.S., or in Asia’s fastest-growing sector of aviation, as both avionics and AI advance.

SPO challenges

The main idea behind two pilots is the principle of redundancy. If one person were to become incapacitated, say in a medical emergency, there is a backup. That’s what happened on a Southwest Airways flight from Las Vegas to Columbus when the pilot suddenly became ill, and the plane was then operated by the other pilot on board.

There is no regulating your way out of a heart attack—perhaps authorities could mandate more intensive and regular medical screenings for pilots—but there is not much that can be done for unpredictable health emergencies. What if it had been an SPO who had fallen ill? Although planes may be capable of cruising autonomously, they’re not yet able to land themselves.

The need for redundancy is not limited to just potential pilot incapacitation. Some stressful and challenging situations simply require multiple heads, and real co-pilots are often necessary to aid in potential emergencies. Consider how Capt. Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger—who performed an emergency landing on the Hudson River—has loudly protested against the single pilot push, arguing the so-called “Miracle on the Hudson” would’ve been the “Disaster on the Hudson” without two experienced pilots on board.

While AI can do what it’s programmed to do, it can’t contend with anything it hasn’t been specifically trained for. Moreover, it can’t weigh moral decisions: hit the cat or the child, as the old adage goes. Do or don’t turn on malfunctioning windshield wipers in the rain that may exacerbate an electronic failure. This lack of decision-making capabilities hinders AI’s potential as a co-pilot. You can automate tasks, but certain situations still need human oversight, and arguably an ethical code.

Necessary advancements in avionics

Airlines are currently experimenting with extended minimum crew operations (eMCO), which allows one pilot to exit the flight deck—on break—and leave the aircraft operated by the remaining pilot. This allows pilots to temporarily leave their station to attend to their physiological needs during an eMCO segment of the flight, while ensuring an acceptable level of safety and security.

But that differs from a single pilot operating the plane the whole way. We need to see the advancement of aircraft that are capable of being fully autonomous before we can see SPO implemented. At minimum, we need advances in aviation cruising that make it possible to leave the flight deck unattended for a short period of time.

While fully autonomous aircraft are already taking flight, especially electric vehicle take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, they’re primarily for short distances and restricted to transporting fewer than five or six passengers. Long-haul autonomous commercial jets are at least two decades away, because autonomous flight systems are simply not yet on par with the flying capabilities of real pilots, especially with challenging large-scale aircraft.

Regulating our way out?

Before SPO can be even remotely feasible, there are various additional components that will require regulation, such as flight management systems (FMS). With FMS technology, pilots can automate flight planning and navigation tasks, calculate optimal routes, monitor fuel consumption, and manage the aircraft’s trajectory. Fortunately, new regulations such as the new SAE ARP4754B will greatly enable safe advance modeling of these critical avionics systems within future aircraft.

The FAA already has guidelines in place for the airworthiness approval of FMS, but they are merely guidelines, not regulations, and therefore not legally binding. However, if we are to see a shift to SPO, these guidelines will need to become mandates. FMS technology would need to be under significant regulatory scrutiny and subject to frequent tests to ensure such a system could safely and reliably navigate aircraft without human input.

Regulations have thus far not caught up with the stringency required to safely implement SPO, but airlines are evidently lobbying lawmakers in that direction. If the FAA were to get on board with developing regulations to govern SPO safely, it could become a real possibility. But avionics innovators and policymakers all need to contribute to the effort.

Vance Hilderman, aviation expert, author, and CEO of AFuzion

The post OPINION: Exploring the Feasibility of Single-Pilot Flight Decks appeared first on Avionics International.

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Pratt & Whitney Launches Percept, an AI-Powered Automatic Engine Inspection System

Pratt & Whitney and Awiros launched Percept, an AI-based aircraft engine inspection tool. Pictured above, Percept is being used to scan a V2500 engine on a mobile device. (Photo: Pratt & Whitney/Raytheon)

Pratt & Whitney has launched a new advanced aircraft engine monitoring tool that incorporates artificial intelligence that can provide maintenance personnel with real-time information on parts availability.

Called Percept, the system is a computer vision product that operates on the Awiros Video Intelligence operating system. Awiros is an Indian firm founded in 2015 specializing in computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) applications. 

The cloud-based computing system allows users to snap photos and video of aircraft engines on a mobile device and automatically receive detailed parts availability information, Pratt said in a statement. 

Percept can enable faster and more cost-efficient turnaround of leased engines. Instead of an inspector having to examine an engine and check part-by-part, Percept automates engine inspections and can reduce the time it takes an inspector to perform the task by 90 percent, Pratt said.

Percept will be deployed exclusively on Pratt’s commercial engines, including the Pratt & Whitney GTF engine and the V2500.

“The Percept tool helps reduce time and effort involved in the pre-and-post lease analysis of aircraft engines,” said O Sung Kwon, Pratt’s Vice President of Customer Support. “We have been working with Awiros, an Indian Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence (AI) start-up for the past few years to mature this technology; we are excited to be shifting from technology development to now bringing an operational product to the market.” 

Awiros was selected as the winner of the RTX Innovation Challenge, an Indian competition launched in September 2019 with more than 60 Indian and global startups working in computer vision, AI, and machine learning. The teams proposed solutions to optimize and automate aircraft engine inspections with reduced human interventions. Awiros’ idea was evaluated through 2021 and is expected to be launched commercially later this year. 

“Building the Percept tool in collaboration with RTX has been one of the most exciting opportunities in the journey of Awiros as a startup,” said Vikram Gupta, founder and chief executive of Awiros. “We are proud that Percept’s high-fidelity scanning of Pratt & Whitney engines with handheld [mobile] phones, without any specialized hardware, is being commercially deployed in the aerospace industry.” 

India is the fastest-growing aviation industry in the world and a focal point for aviation technological innovation, said Ashmita Sethi, president and India country head for Pratt & Whitney.

“Percept is the result of some of India’s best and brightest minds collaborating with Pratt & Whitney to innovate a solution that delivers significant efficiencies and value to our customers,” Sethi said. 

This week, RTX shared news of the progress made by Pratt & Whitney and Collins Aerospace on advancing hybrid-electric propulsion through the Scalable Turboelectric Powertrain Technology (STEP-Tech) demonstrator. The STEP-Tech demonstrator completed its first engine run and electrical system integration test, the company announced on June 20. It’s a modular and scalable demonstrator platform that can be used to rapidly prototype distributed propulsion concepts for high-speed eVTOL aircraft, blended wing body aircraft, and other kinds of advanced air mobility vehicles.

RTX also announced this week that the team reached an important milestone in its hybrid-electric flight demonstrator program. A rated power test of the demonstrator’s 1MW electric motor—developed by Collins Aerospace—was completed successfully. As part of a hybrid-electric propulsion system, the 1MW motor will be combined with an efficient thermal engine developed by Pratt & Whitney.

Early last year, Pratt & Whitney was awarded a DoE project for the advancement of hydrogen propulsion technology. The company also successfully completed a test on its GTF Advantage engine configuration involving the use of 100% sustainable aviation fuel.

The post Pratt & Whitney Launches Percept, an AI-Powered Automatic Engine Inspection System appeared first on Avionics International.

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The Latest in Advanced Air Mobility

In this article, we take a look at some of the latest updates in the world of advanced air mobility, featuring news from PLANA, AutoFlight, Skyportz, and more. (Photo: PLANA)

This week, PLANA announced a new strategic partnership with vertiport infrastructure developer BlueNest at the Paris Air Show. This partnership was created to accelerate advanced air mobility (AAM) and vertiport operations by leveraging the expertise and resources of both PLANA and BlueNest. 

Another partnership between PLANA and a French carbon composite propeller and rotor manufacturer, DUC Hélices Propellers, was made public during the Paris Air Show. They plan to collaborate on the development of innovative propulsion solutions for AAM.

Based in South Korea, PLANA is developing hybrid eVTOL aircraft. The company recently received an iF Design Award in the Professional Concept category. LG Uplus and Jeju Air each signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with PLANA earlier this year. The MoUs include plans for joint research on 5G/LTE-based avionics data communications for urban air mobility and the opportunity to collaborate on an AAM ecosystem.

AutoFlight, an eVTOL developer, recently unveiled the interior design of its Prosperity I aircraft. Frank Stephenson, Chief Designer of Prosperity I, commented, “Designing the interior of the Prosperity I has been a phenomenal journey. Our aim was to create an environment that evokes a sense of safety, comfort, and innovation.”

(Photo: AutoFlight)

AutoFlight showcased the full-scale aircraft type at the Paris Air Show. This week, the company signed an MoU with Groupe ADP to conduct piloted eVTOL flights during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Edward Arkwright, Deputy CEO of Groupe ADP, remarked, “Pontoise Vertiport, equipped with exceptional infrastructure and facilities, serves as an optimal platform to support electric, innovative aircraft.”

The eVTOL developer may have set a record for the longest flight of an eVTOL aircraft in February, breaking a previous record set by Joby Aviation in 2021. AutoFlight’s aircraft flew a distance of 250.3 kilometers during a test flight.

Australia-based Skyportz revealed a revolutionary vertiport design that supports the rapid deployment of a global network of eVTOL landing sites. Unveiled during the Paris Air Show, the “Vertiport-in-a-Box” design is a modular aluminum shell structure that comes in three sizes which can be connected based on the requirements of the space in which they are placed.

Skyportz’s Vertiport-in-a-Box design is pictured above to the left of some AAM aircraft. (Photo: Skyportz)

“Skyportz will be getting our network of vertiports established now with enthusiastic property owners who will come back later for an aviation use permit. In the meantime, they will have a vertiport building that could be used for other purposes,” explained CEO Clem Newton-Brown.

“We are focusing on affordable options that property developers can incorporate into new developments or retrofit into existing buildings,” he added.

In other news this week, Rolls-Royce’s new small gas turbine—developed specifically to power hybrid-electric aircraft—is ready to start testing. “The engine is part of a turbogenerator system that is being developed for the advanced air mobility market,” according to the company.

(Photo: Rolls-Royce)

“The turbogenerator system will [deliver] an on-board power source with scalable power offerings between 500kW and 1200kW, enabling extended range on sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and later, as it becomes available, through hydrogen combustion. This will open up new, longer routes than electric battery-powered aircraft can support as of today.”

Additionally, check out our article featuring some of the latest updates from leading eVTOL developer Lilium. The company made three significant announcements this week. Additionally, the coverage by Avionics International includes insights from Collins Aerospace about their collaboration with Lilium to design new flight controls for the Lilium Jet.

The post The Latest in Advanced Air Mobility appeared first on Avionics International.

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Insights from Collins Aerospace on Collaboration with Lilium, and Updates from Paris Air Show

Collins Aerospace is collaborating with Lilium on the development of flight controls for the Lilium Jet.

Raphaël Queval of Collins Aerospace shares insights on the company’s collaboration with Lilium. This article also covers some of the latest updates from the eVTOL developer, including two announcements made at the Paris Air Show this week. (Photo: Lilium/Heli-Eastern)

Earlier this year, a collaboration between Lilium and Collins Aerospace was made official. The two companies are working together to design and build new flight controls for the Lilium Jet, an electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft.

The system that Collins is designing will integrate all conventional mechanical and electrical flight controls into two sidesticks. As part of the partnership, Collins will also assist with the certification of the inceptors of the Lilium Jet to ensure that it meets commercial aviation standards.

Collins Aerospace offers five decades of experience in flight deck controls, noted Yves Yemsi, Chief Operating Officer at Lilium. “Our two companies’ collaborative development approach allows us to re-imagine the cockpit and pilot experience,” Yemsi stated in the announcement.

Beyond its partnership with Lilium, the team at Collins Aerospace is also involved in multiple projects for the EU’s SESAR 3 Joint Undertaking, which is designed to encourage the development of new technologies for managing eVTOLs, drones, and conventional aircraft operating in the same airspace. 

(Photo: Lilium)

The Latest Updates From Lilium

Lilium announced a partnership with UrbanV this week to develop vertiport infrastructure. UrbanV, a company focused on design, construction, and management of vertiport networks for urban air mobility (UAM) and advanced air mobility (AAM), plans to launch its operations first in Italy and the French Riviera. The partnership will establish necessary networks and infrastructure for customers of Lilium.

Also this week, Lilium made two announcements at the Paris Air Show. The eVTOL developer has entered an agreement with Shenzhen Eastern General Aviation Co., Ltd (Heli-Eastern), a low-altitude general aviation carrier and helicopter service provider in China, to identify potential sites for vertiports and other ground-based eVTOL infrastructure. Heli-Eastern expects to order 100 Lilium Jets under the terms of the agreement

Lilium signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Bao’an District of Shenzhen municipality, the company announced on June 19. The Bao’an District will support the Lilium Jet’s entry into service in China, and the eVTOL developer is planning to open a regional headquarters in the district by the end of 2023. “The collaboration will initially focus on the Guangdong–Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, with a population of over 85 million people, with plans to grow across China and the broader Asia-Pacific region,” according to Lilium. Klaus Roewe, CEO of Lilium, commented that China is projected to hold as much as 25% of the eVTOL market.

Last month, Lilium signed agreements with both Air-Dynamic SA and ASL Group. A Switzerland-based private jet and helicopter company, Air-Dynamic SA plans to manage eVTOL operations in Italy and Switzerland, and the agreement includes pre-delivery payments for as many as five Lilium Jets. ASL Group, a European business jet operator, made an agreement to acquire six Pioneer Edition Jets from Lilium.

(Photo: Lilium)

A Q&A With Collins Aerospace

Raphaël Queval, business development manager for Collins Aerospace, offered Avionics additional insights on the collaboration with Lilium as well as details about Collins’ expertise in developing inceptors for a variety of applications. 

Avionics International: Could you explain how the inceptors developed by Collins for commercial jets integrate with other avionics within an aircraft?

Raphaël Queval: Inceptors are mainly interfaced with the Flight Control Computer, but the integration and link between inceptors and avionics remain the airframer’s responsibility, as was the case with previous developments. Collins, as a supplier of both inceptors and avionics, is now studying how increased integration and smarter solutions can be proposed to customers.

Avionics: Are there any particular innovations or unique components in the inceptors developed by Collins in recent years?

Queval: Collins started to propose a passive Side Stick Unit and moved to an active solution about ten years ago. Collins provides tailored solutions to our customers to address any market segment—such as military, civil, bizjet, fixed wing, rotorcraft, and more recently advanced air mobility (AAM) applications—while keeping a universal architecture with the ability to interface with any aircraft solution. In addition, Collins is working on verticalization of strategic components and continuously investing to optimize weight, space envelop, and overall integration.

Regarding the inceptors that Collins is developing for Lilium’s aircraft, what will differentiate the system from conventional sidestick systems?

Queval: AAM are hybrid aircraft in terms of flight controls. The flight controls are in between conventional airplanes and rotorcraft. The Lilium Jet inceptors will provide safe and intuitive handling qualities, easy access to functionalities, and an aesthetic, ergonomic design. While integrating all conventional mechanical and electrical flight controls into two sidesticks, the Collins system brings a new piloting philosophy for single-pilot operations in the eVTOL realm. The system will be designed to bring significant space and weight savings compared to conventional sidesticks. 

What factors led to the collaboration between Collins and Lilium?

Collins’s extensive expertise and experience in developing and certifying inceptors for the civil aviation market combined with the highest production rates for inceptors in the aerospace industry played an important role in our selection for Lilium Jet inceptors development.

Could you discuss how the inceptors will contribute to the overall safety of the aircraft?

Safety is mainly linked to the aircraft architecture like redundancy or segregation. Collins contributes with our critical system.

What role will Collins play in certifying the inceptors for the Lilium Jet to meet commercial aviation standards?

Certification belongs to airframers, but Collins supports this activity by determining flight safety parts within the inceptor and by addressing equipment safety analysis, inceptor qualification activity, and providing special documentation required by the airframer.

Are there any challenges in developing inceptors for eVTOL aircraft compared to conventional aircraft?

eVTOL is an emerging segment. Companies working in this segment are innovating to propose the best path forward. As a result, this can lead to very specific inceptor solutions such as the number of inceptors, grip design including functions integrated, and number of axes per inceptor.

The post Insights from Collins Aerospace on Collaboration with Lilium, and Updates from Paris Air Show appeared first on Avionics International.

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